强烈太阳风暴中的地球
(原标题: Earth During a Powerful Solar Storm)
2025-09-15
浏览次数: 1517
我们的太阳会变得危险吗？是的,有时候。每隔几年，我们的太阳就会向太阳系喷射出一个巨大的热气泡。每隔一百年左右，当时间、地点和磁场连接恰到好处时，这样的日冕物质抛射（CME）就会袭击地球。当这种情况发生时，地球不仅会经历戏剧性的极光，而且它的磁场会迅速向后推并被压缩，从而导致电网激增。其中一些浪涌可能是危险的，会影响卫星并破坏电网——这可能需要几个月的时间来修复。1859年就发生了这样一场风暴——被称为卡灵顿事件——导致电报线着火。2012年，一次类似的日冕物质抛射在地球附近经过，这段动画视频展示了一个计算机模型，如果它直接撞击地球，可能会发生什么。在这个模型中，地球的磁层顶被压缩到地球同步通信卫星的轨道内。
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Can our Sun become dangerous? Yes, sometimes. Every few years our Sun ejects a scary-large bubble of hot gas into the Solar System. Every hundred years or so, when the timing, location, and magnetic field connections are just right, such a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) will hit the Earth. When this happens, the Earth not only experiences dramatic auroras, but its magnetic field gets quickly pushed back and compressed, which causes electric grids to surge. Some of these surges could be dangerous, affecting satellites and knocking out power grids -- which can take months to fix. Just such a storm -- called the Carrington Event -- occurred in 1859 and caused telegraph wires to spark. A similar CME passed near the Earth in 2012, and the featured animated video shows a computer model of what might have happened if it had been a direct hit. In this model, the Earth's magnetopause becomes so compressed that it went inside the orbit of geosynchronous communication satellites.