一条灯丝从太阳跃出
(原标题: A Filament Leaps from the Sun)
2021-11-08
浏览次数: 33
为什么有时候，太阳的一部分大气层会跃入太空？原因在于贯穿太阳表面的磁场发生了变化。表面磁性强的区域被称为活动区，通常以黑子为标志。活跃区域可以引导带电气体沿着拱形或扫过的磁场——气体有时会回落，有时会逃逸，有时不仅会逃逸，还会影响我们的地球。这段时长一小时的延时视频是用法国的一架小型望远镜拍摄的，它捕捉到了上个月底从太阳上跳下来的一缕喷发的细丝。灯丝是巨大的：为了比较，地球的大小显示在左上角。就在灯丝升起之后，太阳发出了强大的x级耀斑，同时太阳表面发出了巨大的太阳海啸。结果是一团带电粒子云冲进了我们的太阳系，但这次大部分都没有击中地球。然而，足够的太阳等离子体确实影响了地球的磁层，产生了一些微弱的极光。
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Why, sometimes, does part of the Sun's atmosphere leap into space? The reason lies in changing magnetic fields that thread through the Sun's surface. Regions of strong surface magnetism, known as active regions, are usually marked by dark sunspots. Active regions can channel charged gas along arching or sweeping magnetic fields -- gas that sometimes falls back, sometimes escapes, and sometimes not only escapes but impacts our Earth. The featured one-hour time-lapse video -- taken with a small telescope in France -- captured an eruptive filament that appeared to leap off the Sun late last month. The filament is huge: for comparison, the size of the Earth is shown on the upper left. Just after the filament lifted off, the Sun emitted a powerful X-class flare while the surface rumbled with a tremendous solar tsunami. A result was a cloud of charged particles that rushed into our Solar System but mostly missed our Earth -- this time. However, enough solar plasma did impact our Earth's magnetosphere to create a few faint auroras.
© Stéphane Poirier