模拟：第一批恒星的形成
(原标题: Simulation: Formation of the First Stars)
2021-06-30
浏览次数: 46
第一批恒星是如何形成的？为了帮助找到答案，SPHINX计算机模拟了早期宇宙中恒星形成的过程，其中一些结果显示在特色视频中。大爆炸以来的时间在左上角以数百万年为单位表示。即使在大爆炸后1亿年，物质在宇宙中分布得太均匀，恒星也无法诞生。除了背景辐射，宇宙一片黑暗。很快，富含氢气的微小物质团块开始凝聚成第一批恒星。在这段延时拍摄的视频中，紫色代表气体，白色代表光，金色代表辐射，辐射能量非常大，可以电离氢，将氢分解成带电的电子和质子。金色的区域也追踪着那些死于强大超新星的大质量恒星。插入的圆圈突出了一个正在成为星系的中心区域。这种模拟一直持续到宇宙大约5.5亿年的时候。为了评估SPHINX模拟和假设的准确性，结果不仅要与当前的深度观测进行比较，还将与美国宇航局即将发射的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜对早期宇宙的更直接观测进行比较。
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How did the first stars form? To help find out, the SPHINX computer simulation of star formation in the very early universe was created, some results of which are shown in the featured video. Time since the Big Bang is shown in millions of years on the upper left. Even 100 million years after the Big Bang, matter was spread too uniformly across the cosmos for stars to be born. Besides background radiation, the universe was dark. Soon, slight matter clumps rich in hydrogen gas begin to coalesce into the first stars. In the time-lapse video, purple denotes gas, white denotes light, and gold shows radiation so energetic that it ionizes hydrogen, breaking it up into charged electrons and protons. The gold-colored regions also track the most massive stars that die with powerful supernovas. The inset circle highlights a central region that is becoming a galaxy. The simulation continues until the universe was about 550 million years old. To assess the accuracy of the SPHINX simulations and the assumptions that went into them, the results are not only being compared to current deep observations, but will also be compared with more direct observations of the early universe planned with NASA's pending James Webb Space Telescope.